Tutorials
Wheel encoders for robots: counts, odometry and wiring
PPR, CPR and the gearbox trap, how to calibrate counts per revolution in five minutes, and how counts become distance and heading.
Archive
Author: Jignesh Panchal
Jignesh Panchal is the founder of Jaadu Digital and author of Robotics Engineering, an India-focused robotics publication. The site uses AI-assisted research and drafting; educational guides and illustrative calculations are not claims of hands-on testing or machinery-safety certification.
Tutorials
Buck converter for robots: 12 V to 5 V sizing and wiring
The ₹100 module is rated for a current it cannot hold. Compare LM2596, MP1584 and XL4015 by heat, set the output safely,…
Tutorials
Raspberry Pi Pico W robot guide: wiring, power and MicroPython
A ₹500 board with Wi-Fi, 26 GPIOs and 16 PWM channels. Pin map, 3.3 V power rules and MicroPython code for a…
Tutorials
Robot chassis India: what to buy and what to check
Wheel size, material, drive layout and motor mounts decide whether a chassis rolls or fights you. What each option costs in India,…
Tutorials
Arduino IDE setup: install, ports and first upload
Install Arduino IDE 2, fix the CH340 clone driver, choose the right board and port, and get the blink sketch uploading without…
Tutorials
What is robotics? A practical introduction for students
Sense, decide, act: how the loop defines a robot, what the six layers are, what it costs to start in India and…
Tutorials
Servo motor with Arduino: SG90 and MG996R control
Pulse timing, the Servo library, current draw for SG90 and MG996R, and the separate-supply wiring that stops brownouts and jitter.
Tutorials
HC-SR04 Arduino code that gives reliable readings
Read the HC-SR04 without blocking your robot: timeouts, median filtering, the 58 divide and the geometry faults behind phantom obstacles.
Tutorials
IR sensor with Arduino: wiring, calibration and code
Wire a TCRT5000 module, set the threshold from real readings, and write line-follower code that does not panic on glossy floors or…
Tutorials
ESP32 pinout for robotics: safe pins and ADC limits
The ESP32 pins that boot the board, the ones reserved for flash, why ADC2 dies with Wi-Fi, and a workable pin map…