Examiners ask why you chose something, not just what it is. Prepare an answer for each question below using your own project. The notes say what a good answer covers.
About the project
- What problem does your project solve? One sentence on the problem, one on your approach.
- What is new or different compared with existing systems? Name one existing system and the gap you cover.
- What are the limits of your project? Be specific: range, speed, load, lighting, battery time.
Parts and design choices
- Why this microcontroller? Cover pins, speed, memory, price and what you already knew.
- Why this motor driver and not another? Cover current, voltage drop and heat. See L298N vs TB6612FNG.
- How did you choose the motors and the battery? Show the calculation. See the battery runtime calculator.
- Why this sensor, and what is its range and error? Quote the datasheet, then your own test.
Electronics
- Why do the motors and the controller share a ground? A common reference for the signals.
- Why is a resistor used with an LED? To limit current. See the LED resistor calculator.
- What does PWM do? It changes the average voltage by switching fast, which sets motor speed.
- What happens if the supply sags? The controller can reset. Explain how you avoided it.
Software
- Explain your flow chart. Walk through one full loop.
- How do you avoid blocking the loop? Use millis() timing instead of long delay() calls.
- How did you test and debug? Serial prints, one subsystem at a time, a test table.
Results and honesty
- What did not work, and what did you change? Have one real failure ready.
- How would you improve it with more time or budget? Name one concrete change and why.
- What did you learn? Name a skill, not a feeling.
Related
Report template, Free final-year project pack, Error library.
Last reviewed: November 2026. Free to copy and adapt for your own project and college work. Keep your own measurements and results; do not copy figures from this page into a report as if you measured them.